Good evening.

I'll try to think about it right away.

32nd Exam - Specialized Knowledge

(a)

What is the "closed cell" in the underlined part? In meteorological satellite images, a polygonal or clumpy cloud is surrounded by a clear area around it. It is called a closed cell, and is mainly composed of stratocumulus clouds. In other words, it often occurs when the temperature difference between the air temperature and the sea surface temperature is small, and it often occurs when the inflow of cold air is weak.

On the other hand, there is a cloud area called an "open cell" in contrast to a "closed cell". A donut-shaped or U-shaped cloud pattern that surrounds a cloudless area is called an open cell, and is mainly composed of convective clouds. In other words, an open cell often occurs when the temperature difference between the air temperature and the sea surface temperature is large, suggesting that there is a strong cold air advection in this area. In addition, when the cold air gradually weakens, a change from an open cell to a closed cell can be seen.

Therefore, the closed cell in the underlined part is a mistake for an open cell, and the content of the underlined part is incorrect.

(b)

When a low pressure system moves from its peak to its occlusion phase, the convective activity around the center of the low pressure system weakens, causing the cloud top height to drop, and dry air flows in from the cold side toward the center, which can be clearly seen in the infrared image. This inflow of dry air from the cold side toward the center of the occlusion phase of the low pressure system is called a "dry slot."

The underlined part is therefore correct.

(c)

When comparing the infrared and visible images of the Pacific Ocean side from the Tohoku region to the northern Kanto region, a white to dark gray cloud area can be seen in the visible image, which is dark in the infrared image, and therefore the cloud area has a low cloud top height, which can be judged to be fog or stratus. As the underlined part shows, this is due to the occurrence of the Okhotsk Sea High, and suggests that cool air from the east is flowing in from the lower level.

The underlined part is therefore correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is ④, with only (a) being incorrect.

Well then.

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